A mixed Ca channel blocker, A-1264087, utilizes peripheral and spinal mechanisms to inhibit spinal nociceptive transmission in a rat model of neuropathic pain

Xu J, Chu KL, Zhu CZ, Niforatos W, Swensen A, Searle X, Lee L, Jarvis MF, McGaraughty S. A mixed Ca channel blocker, A-1264087, utilizes peripheral and spinal mechanisms to inhibit spinal nociceptive transmission in a rat model of neuropathic pain. J Neurophysiol 111: 394–404, 2014. First published October 23, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00463.2013.—N-, Tand P/Q-type voltage-gated Ca channels are critical for regulating neurotransmitter release and cellular excitability and have been implicated in mediating pathological nociception. A-1264087 is a novel state-dependent blocker of N-, Tand P/Q-type channels. In the present studies, A-1264087 blocked (IC50 1.6 M) rat dorsal root ganglia N-type Ca 2 in a statedependent fashion. A-1264087 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg po) dose-dependently reduced mechanical allodynia in rats with a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) injury. A-1264087 (4 mg/kg iv) inhibited both spontaneous and mechanically evoked activity of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in SNL rats but had no effect in uninjured rats. The inhibitory effect on WDR neurons remained in spinally transected SNL rats. Injection of A-1264087 (10 nmol/0.5 l) into the spinal cord reduced both spontaneous and evoked WDR activity in SNL rats. Application of A-1264087 (300 nmol/20 l) into the receptive field on the hindpaw attenuated evoked but not spontaneous firing of WDR neurons. Using electrical stimulation, A-1264087 (4 mg/kg iv) inhibited A and C-fiber evoked responses and after-discharge of WDR neurons in SNL rats. These effects by A-1264087 were not present in uninjured rats. A-1264087 moderately attenuated WDR neuron windup in both uninjured and SNL rats. In summary, these results indicate that A-1264087 selectively inhibited spinal nociceptive transmission in sensitized states through both peripheral and central mechanisms.